After Gautama Buddha's death, Buddhism would remain relatively local to India until adopted by King Ashoka during his rule (268-232 BCE). Upon his conversion to Buddhism, Ashoka would become a valuable sponsor for Buddhism and missionary work that spread Buddhism beyond India. One of the most notable accomplishments of this missionary work was the introduction and adoption of Buddhism in Sri Lanka, where Buddhism would strongly take root. After Ashoka's death, royal sponsorship of Buddhism ceased and Buddhism entered a period of decline, with one exception. "Only Theravada and its sister traditions, safely ensconced on the island of Sri Lanka, managed to survive and remain healthy." (Bresnan 251) Theravada would establish itself as one of Buddhism's great traditions and, through dissatisfaction among some practitioners, would give rise to another great tradition called Mahayana. This post will outline what was happening to Theravada Buddhism that opened the way f...